_{Krylov V.N., Zheng Xiao yang. Reflection on death in Tolstoy's “The death of Ivan Ilyich”}

_{Abstract. The main task of the article is to reveal how the concept of death is realized through the structure of the characters, the depicted world, the narrative vector, the details of the story by L. N. Tolstoy. The analysis of the situation of experiencing "death", the phenomenon of "death" and understanding of its meaning. The test of death is the main theme throughout the entire work of the great writer. She is inseparable from his own life path. In the story "The Death of Ivan Ilyich", Tolstoy expresses the hypocrisy and indifference of human relations in society of that time through his attitude towards the protagonist of family, friends and colleagues after his illness. The article uses materials from contemporary Chinese researchers of the life and work of Leo Tolstoy. It is taken into account that, to a certain extent, the religious ideas and worldview of Tolstoy were influenced by Chinese culture, in particular, the ideas of the ancient Chinese philosophers Laozi and Confucius. In recent years, there has been a sharp change in values in world culture, and Chinese researchers began to comprehensively and objectively examine the artistic and religious teachings of Tolstoy.}

_{Keywords: Leo Tolstoy, death, hypocritical world, life, light.}

_{For citation: Krylov V.N., Zheng Xiao yang. Reflection on death in Tolstoy's “The death of Ivan Ilyich”. Kazan Linguistic Journal. 2021; 4 (2): 167–178. (In Russ.)}

_{Zagidullina D.F. “Stream of Consciousness” as an indicator of the growth and transformation of fiction}

_{Abstract. The formation of the «stream of consciousness» in the Tatar literature of the early twentieth century as a form and method of psychologism is associated with the activation of interest in the inner life of a person, the world of his thoughts and feelings, conscious and subconscious processes (Sh. Kamala, F. Amirkhana, G. Ibragimov and G. Iskhaki, etc.). Psychological analysis or introspection in the beginning of the 1930s, ideological prohibitions slowed down experiments in Tatar literature in this direction. The image of the sphere of consciousness and, since the 1930s, ideological prohibitions have slowed down experiments in Tatar literature in this direction. The image of the sphere of consciousness and the unconscious, coupled with the use of symbols and associations, «returned» in the work of A. Eniki. In the story «Rasha» («Marevo», 1962), «stream of consciousness» of the main character Zufar, the secondary hero-Rashids allow you to recreate the inner life of their characters as carriers of a certain social and ethnic mentality, two opposite views of the representatives of the generation of Soviet people.}

_{Keywords: tatar literature of the twentieth century, transformation of literature, psychologism, “stream of consciousness” as a technique, “stream of consciousness” as a type of narrative, internal monologue.}

_{For citation: Zagidullina D.F. “Stream of Consciousness” as an indicator of the growth and transformation of fiction. Kazan Linguistic Journal. 2021; 4 (2): 179–190. (In Russ.)}

_{An D.M., Kolotova E.A. The Japanese society`s problems in the images of the man and the woman in the work “The woman in the dunes” by Kobo Abe}

_{Abstract. Japanese literature is a rather mysterious block of world literature as well for people who have nothing to do with this country. However, the incredible allegorical nature of Japanese works is of exceptional interest for interpretation and careful analysis because so many men, so many minds. Also, it is impossible to say that any one will be the most correct, since art in any of its manifestations is an ephemeral thing. That is why the appeal to such a fundamental text of modern Japanese literature is significant both for understanding the literary process in the Land of the Rising Sun, and for comprehension the changes that have occurred in Japanese society over such a long time. Thus, the article considers the key issues raised in the novel “The Woman in the Dunes” by Kobo Abe. The images of men and women who are бcentral in the book are analyzed, and their author's vision, which leaves a huge field for research. In the course of the work, allusions were found to the deep problems of Japanese society as a whole, contained in the images stated earlier. It also describes the connections between cultures and Japanese eras, reflected in the thoughts, dialogues and actions of the characters. The emphasis on the interpretation of the position of women in the novel is also important, since this image is a “point of contradiction” in the context of the East-West dichotomy, which has been described by scientists from completely different fields, from cultural scientists to economists. All in all, it seems to be a small but very important piece of the big puzzle called Japanese post-war art which is a mirror reflecting the reality of the era of the defeat of militaristic Japan and the formation of a perfect country in which a person occupies a completely different place.}

_{Keywords: Japanese literature, man, woman, post-war art, Japanese society.}

_{For citation: An D.M., Kolotova E.A. The Japanese society`s problems in the images of the man and the woman in the work “The woman in the dunes” by Kobo Abe. Kazan linguistic journal. 2021; 4 (2): 191–202. (In Russ.)}

_{Chemeteva Yu.V. Intertext in Media Analytics: Pragmatics of Translation}

_{Abstract. The article examines the forms of intertextuality in the genre of analytical article on legal issues, which is a product of the interaction of media discourse as a basic one and legal discourse as a projective one. In analytical articles on legal issues, intertextuality, as a rule, is manifested in references to other analytical articles, information materials, reports, interviews, where the topic is covered in more detail, as well as in references to various regulatory legal acts, documents, court decisions, precedents, to legal doctrine provisions, etc. The forms of intertextuality in analytical articles on legal issues are conditioned by the discursive characteristics of the genre. Based on the narrow understanding of intertextuality as a manifestation of explicit references to specific texts, the author proposes a conditional division into implicit (requiring additional knowledge and creative thinking in the decoding process) and explicit (obvious to the recipient without thoughtful reading, graphically marked) forms of intertextuality in the genre of analytical article on legal issues. The paper considers examples from English-language analytical articles on legal issues illustrating various forms of intertextuality from the point of view of translation pragmatics. The author emphasizes the relevance of studying explicit forms of intertextuality as a promising area of research in the field of discourse with the possibility of using information technologies and machine algorithms.}

_{Keywords: intertextuality, intertext, allusion, analytical article on legal issues, media discourse, legal discourse, media analytics.}

_{For citation: Chemeteva Yu.V. Intertext in Media Analytics: Pragmatics of Translation. Kazan Linguistic Journal. 2021; 4(2): 203–218. (In Russ.)}

_{Petrov S.Y. Familial relationships between kin languages and etymology of the Russian вода “water”}

_{Abstract. The article deals with the problem of defining of familial relationships between the Indo-European languages in relation to the Slavic languages. Analysis of the genealogical tree of the Indo-European languages, and the incipience pattern of the basic stock member вода ‘water’ in the Russian and other Slavic languages, as well as the developmental patterns of water cognates in the other Indo-European languages, and languages from some other language families are given in the present work. The relevance of the topic is determined by inadequacy and obsolescence of the existing etymologies of вода, as well as by insufficient glottochronology. On the basis of the application of the [b(v)/m] alternation and his own matres lectionis alternation the author makes an attempt to introduce his own etymology of the words flowing from the cognate of ‘water’}

_{Keywords: water, lead (1), lead (2), leak, marine, nipple, pour, sea, utensils, vessel, well, Proto-Indo-European word-stems, the Indo-European theory, alternation theory, sound alternation, etymology.}

_{For citation: Petrov S.Y. Familial relationships between kin languages and etymology of the Russian вода “water”. Kazan Linguistic Journal. 2021; 4 (2): 219–241. (In Russ.)}

_{Makayev Kh.F., Makayeva G.Z. Linguistic Analysis of Chemical Terms in Medicine}

_{Abstract. In the context of globalization, the emergence of a large number of specialized vocabularies due to the intensive development of science in all fields makes it necessary to study and systematize them in order to avoid their misuse. In this regard, the study of terms from the point of view of structural-semantic, prosodic, as well as orthographic approaches to their analysis becomes extremely necessary. The methodological basis of solving the problem under discussion was a comparative analysis of the structural and semantic features of some chemical and medical terms in the Russian and English languages. The use of comparative and contrastive analysis of the indicated features made it possible to identify them most efficiently in the languages under consideration. The study showed that there are significant discrepancies in the interpretation, structure, pronunciation and spelling of the same English-Russian terms in the areas under consideration, which makes it difficult for their adequate use. The research results were applied in practical classes in English; the identification of all differences and inconsistencies in both languages determined the possibility of correct use of the terms under the study by the students-participants of the research as well as some contribution to linguistic and pedagogical science.}

_{Keywords: structural, semantic, prosodic, term, language, chemical, medical, analysis.}

_{For citation: Makayev Kh.F., Makayeva G.Z. Linguistic Analysis of Chemical Terms in Medicine. Kazan linguistic journal. 2021; 4(2): 242–253. (In Russ.)}

_{Sabirova D.R., Nketiah E. Diglossia in the multicultural space of the Republic of Ghana}

_{Abstract. The landscape of the Republic of Ghana is described as a multilingual one because of many indigenous and foreign languages spoken at the length and breadth of the country. The study is aimed at identifying the factors that led to the functional semi-literacy, low level of education and social status of a part of the population in the country that experienced the times of colonization. Historical coexistence of the English language and indigenous languages in the Republic of Ghana has led to nativization with some scholars postulating the existence of a new English called Ghanaian English. There is a diglossic relationship between English and the indigenous languages, whereby the English language is usually used in formal communication (school, parliament house, governmental organizations) and indigenous languages are used in the informal communication (home, traditional ceremonies, etc.). However, there is growing tendency of the English language creeping into the informal sector (family). The adherence to the diglossic situation in the country could be a remedy in the preservation of indigenous languages and culture. The analysis of the language space of Ghana revealed the measures undertaken to develop and preserve indigenous languages, the ways of preventing their extinction.}

_{Keywords: indigenous languages, English language, Republic of Ghana, Akan, ethnic group, culture, diglossia.}

_{For citation: Sabirova D.R., Nketiah E. Diglossia in the multicultural space of the Republic of Ghana. Kazan linguistic journal. 2021; 4 (2): 254–270.}

_{Korneva I.G. Essential and descriptive characteristic of the concept “ability for life self-determination of university students”}

_{Abstract. The article is concerned with one of the fundamental issues in modern Russian education sector respecting training competent and competitive professionals. For this reason it is necessary to develop advanced higher education organization approaches that would contribute to increase in such personal qualities, moral and social values that act as essential in contemporary culture. The relevance of the problem of developing the ability for life self-determination of university students also establishes the importance of solving the matter of self-determination and self-actualization of youth in modern conditions. This is due to the fact that the need for high-quality personal and professional formation of all subjects of educational process is high on the agenda. This is enormously important for such a social group as student youth. The purpose of the article is to reveal and clarify the concept of the ability for life self-determination of university students. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes axiological, systematic, activity-oriented, personality-oriented and cultural approaches in education (A.G. Asmolov, E.V. Bondarevskaya, N.B. Krylova, V.V. Serikov, L.G. Yakimanskaya, O.S. Gazman, etc.), as well as research in the area of professional and life self-determination (K.A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, N.S. Pryazhnikov, E.A. Klimov, A.E. Golomshtok, etc.). The theoretical significance of the article is in expanding the terminology of the problem of professional and personal self-determination of young people by clarifying the concept of university students ability for life self-determination. The practical significance attaches to the possibility of using the results and conclusions of the research in organizing the process of developing university students professional and personal self-determination. The research findings can be used in designing of the syllabus of elective courses on the Pedagogy of Subjectivity for university students, as well as advanced training courses for university teachers.}

_{Keywords: self-determination, abilities, personal self-determination, professional self-determination, life self-determination, university students.}

_{For citation: Korneva I.G. Essential and descriptive characteristic of the concept “ability for life self-determination of university students”. Kazan Linguistic Journal. 2021; 4 (2): 271–286.}

_{Korneeva L.I., Zhdanova D.E. To the question of approaches of flipped learning in the implementation of professionally oriented foreign language training of Customs specialists}

_{Abstract. This article discusses the issues of language training of students of economic specialties in the age of digitalization in higher education. The definition of blended learning is given and the types of blended learning are presented. The author of the article believes that the flipped learning, as a type of blended learning, is the convenient technology for teaching a foreign language to students of non-linguistic specialties to practice intercultural business communication. The relevance of the application of the flipped learning technology in the context of studying foreign languages in higher education is related to the reduction of classroom hours for basic language training of students of economic training programs and the need to form general cultural competencies and general professional competencies in a foreign language. The specificity of the flipped learning technology is described, the pragmatic model IMAIP by M. Lebrun is analyzed. This model includes the following points: information, motivation, activity, interaction, presentation of results. The current approaches of the flipped learning are presented: competency-based approach, learner-centered approach, communicative approach and activity-oriented approach. For students of the educational program "Customs" a foreign language, in particular French, is the second foreign language after English. For professionally oriented teaching French, as a second foreign language we consider to use the flipped learning technology.}

_{Keywords: flipped learning, professionally oriented education, blended learning, competency-based approach, digitalization, foreign language teaching.}

_{For citation: Korneeva L.I., Zhdanova D.E. To the question of approaches of flipped learning in the implementation of professionally oriented foreign language training of Customs specialists. Kazan Linguistic journal. 2021; 4 (2): 287–301.}

_{Alekseeva I.S., Boyarkina A.V., Prosyukova K.O., Takhtarova S.S. Translation didactics and trilingualism: the educational potential}

_{Abstract. In the era of extremely rapid intellectual and social transformations the role of translatological trilingualism is expanding in both cross-cultural interaction and teaching languages and translation studies. To date, researchers have assigned to trilingualism the status of a special form of multilingualism, which reflects the mechanism of the formation of a linguistic and social personality, which has unlimited pedagogical, psychological and didactic potential. The article reveals the available studies on trilingialism both in Russia and abroad, as well as the potential for their implementation in the educational process. In addition to conventional trilingualism that covers the anthropological, sociolinguistic and sociocultural components, there is another field where trilingualism is characterized by presence of the same text in three languages – that is the field of literary translation that deals with transferring a work of fiction from one language into another language through an intermediary one. Thus, the role of the Russian language as a cultural mediator assisting in translation of the world literature into the languages of the peoples of Russia is increasing. The authors assume application of the trilingual model to expand the functions of AI. The Master’s programme on “Theory of Translation Studies, Cross-cultural and Cross-lingual Communication”, implemented at Kazan Federal University, as well as the extra-curriculum educational courses and programmes being taught in Saint-Petersburg and Almaty, adduce evidence of both their efficiency and problems associated with introduction of three-vector methodological complexes.}

_{Keywords: trilingualism, educational process, language as a cultural mediator, Russian language, languages of the peoples of Russia, literary and oral translation, three-vector methodological complex.}

_{For citation: Alekseeva I.S., Boyarkina A.V., Prosyukova K.O., Takhtarova S.S. Translation didactics and trilingualism: the educational potential. Kazan Linguistic Journal. 2021; 4(2): 302–318. (In Russ.)}